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§01 The Numbers
All data sourced from FEC filings · OpenSecrets · Congressional Research Service · Brown University Costs of War · Council on Foreign Relations
Live Investigation
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Published May 2026 · Updated Continuously · All figures from public sources

The Macro Picture

Israel has received more US foreign aid than any other country since World War II. It is not even close. These are the numbers your elected officials would rather you not look up.

$317B
Total US aid to Israel since 1948 (inflation-adjusted)
71%
Share that is military aid
$3.8B
Annual baseline under current 2019–2028 MOU
$21.7B
US military aid spent Oct 2023–Sept 2025 (Brown Univ.)
90,000
Tons of arms delivered since Oct 7, 2023 IDF Ministry
$10.1B
Arms sales to Congress by Trump admin since Jan 20, 2025

Historical Aid by Era

EraPrimary TypeKey DriverNotable Change
1946–1970Economic grants and loansNew state formationModest amounts; mostly food and development aid
1971–1978Military pivot begins1973 Yom Kippur WarMassive ramp-up; Israel reframed as Cold War asset
1979–2000Military grants dominant1978 Camp David AccordsGrant-based military aid institutionalized; economic aid phased out
2001–2018Military onlyWar on Terror alignment$3B+/year baseline; economic aid largely eliminated
2019–2023Military under MOUObama-era 10-year MOU$3.8B/year locked in through 2028 incl. $500M missile defense
2023–PresentMilitary surge + emergency supplementsOct 7 Hamas attack$21.7B over 2 years — highest level in decades

Documented Arms Deliveries

Weapon SystemQuantity / StatusTimeline
MK-84 2,000-lb bombs5,400+ delivered; 13,000 JDAM kits approvedActive
MK-82 500-lb bombs8,700+ delivered; 2,800 additional approvedActive
BLU-109 bunker busters100 delivered; additional kits approvedFeb 2025
155mm artillery shells57,000 deliveredDelivered
M4A1 assault rifles20,000Apr 2025
Anti-tank missiles13,981Delivered
THAAD + US troops1 battery + 100 troopsOct 2024
Iron Dome / David's Sling / Iron Beam$5.2B contract (Rafael)Jan 2025
AH-64 Apache helicopters30 proposed (nearly doubles stock)Proposed Sept 2025
Key Finding

The Biden administration quietly pushed through at least 100 separate arms deals to Israel since October 2023, each one kept below the threshold that requires Congress to be notified. Congress never found out. The Trump administration unlocked a hold on 1,800 MK-84 bombs within 6 days of taking office. They also got rid of the rule that required Israel to certify it was following international law.

The Lobby Infrastructure

Pro-Israel lobbying spending tripled in a single election cycle. The 97% win rate for AIPAC-endorsed candidates is not an accident. It is a system that has been built piece by piece, and it works.

Spending by Election Cycle

2019–2020
$12.7M direct
2021–2022
$17.2M direct
2023–2024
$44.6M direct — $126.9M total reported

The PAC Ecosystem (2024 Cycle)

OrganizationType2024 SpendingNotes
AIPAC PACPAC$51.8M direct to candidatesSupported 361 candidates
United Democracy Project (UDP)AIPAC Super PAC$37.9M independent expendituresFEC ID: C00799031
AIPAC + UDP CombinedCombined$95.1M totalMore than double the 2022 cycle
J StreetSuper PAC$14.6M$6M+ donated to Harris campaign
Republican Jewish Coalition (RJC)Super PAC$18M+$5M from Adelson; Paul Singer on board
Democratic Majority for Israel (DMFI)PAC$4.8MDown from $7.7M in 2022
NORPACPAC$2.7MUp from $1.6M in 2022

Reach of the Machine

389
Candidates receiving pro-Israel PAC money in 2024
318
AIPAC-backed candidates who won in 2024
97%
Win rate for AIPAC-endorsed candidates in general elections
129/129
AIPAC-backed Democrats who won primaries in 2024

"AIPAC only began making direct candidate endorsements and operating PAC vehicles in 2022. The surge of targeted spending in 2024 represents a structural shift in how the lobby operates."

OpenSecrets / FEC Analysis

The Billionaires Behind the Machine

A small group of billionaires fund the whole thing. Some of them give to Democrats. Some give to Republicans. Some give to both. And a few of them own the media outlets that cover this story.

Miriam Adelson
Las Vegas Sands / Dallas Mavericks owner
Republican $284M+
Career total political donations
$106M to Trump 2024 super PAC (3rd largest donor). $5M to RJC. $200M/year via Adelson Foundation to Jewish/Israeli causes. Born in Tel Aviv. Testified at Netanyahu corruption trial 2024. Trump asked her on the Knesset floor whether she loves the US or Israel more — she refused to answer.
Haim Saban
Power Rangers creator / Univision owner
Democrat $30M+
Career total US political donations
$2M to AIPAC. $11.9M to Democratic Party in 2016 alone. Owns Univision — largest Spanish-language TV network in the US (25M+ viewers). Co-funded Saban Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings ($13M). Stated position: "I am a one-issue guy and my issue is Israel."
Jan Koum
WhatsApp co-founder (sold to Facebook, $19B)
Bipartisan $7.4M+
To AIPAC/UDP in 2024 cycle alone
Largest individual AIPAC/UDP donor in the 2022 cycle. $10M to Nikki Haley super PAC (2023). $13M+ to Israeli hospitals. Also gave $2.4M to RJC.
Jonathon Jacobson
Hedge fund manager (North Peak Capital)
Bipartisan Multi-million
To AIPAC/UDP in 2024 cycle
One of the largest individual UDP donors. Trustee of Birthright Israel. Shared donor network with Adelson, Koum, and Singer. Also donated to Nikki Haley's 2023 presidential campaign.
Bernard Marcus
Home Depot co-founder (d. 2024)
Republican $100M+
Career political donations
Major donor to RJC through the Marcus Foundation. Long-time funder of Friends of the IDF and the Israel Democracy Institute. Endorsed Trump in 2016 and 2024.
Paul Singer
Elliott Management hedge fund founder
Republican $80M+
2024 cycle political spending
Sits on the board of the Republican Jewish Coalition. Major funder of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD). Networked with Adelson, Koum, and Jacobson through shared super PAC vehicles.
Pattern

Five of the six largest pro-Israel donors share the same super PAC vehicles, the same foundation grants, and the same think tank board seats. The money moves through different names. But it comes from the same places.

Targeted Races: When Members Break From the Pattern

AIPAC's super PAC does not have to threaten anyone directly. It just shows you what happened to the last person who voted the wrong way. In 2024, two sitting House Democrats lost their primaries after voting against Israel aid. Both were Squad members. Both were replaced by AIPAC-endorsed challengers.

Jamaal Bowman
NY-16 · Lost June 2024 primary
$15M+
UDP independent expenditures against him
Most expensive House primary in US history at the time. Bowman voted against the April 2024 Israel emergency aid package and called for a ceasefire. UDP backed challenger George Latimer. Bowman lost by 17 points. After the loss: "AIPAC bought this seat."
Cori Bush
MO-01 · Lost August 2024 primary
$8.5M+
UDP independent expenditures against her
Voted against most pro-Israel resolutions and called Israel's Gaza campaign a genocide. UDP funded challenger Wesley Bell with the second-largest single-race spend of the cycle. Bush lost by 6 points.
The Mechanism

AIPAC picks who it endorses based on past votes. Those candidates win 97% of the time. When a member steps out of line, a primary challenger shows up with $8 to $15 million behind them. In 2024 that happened twice and both sitting members lost. Nobody has to say a word. Everyone already knows what happens.

"That money will still be spent, but it will be spent against you instead."

Ryan Grim, on how AIPAC money carries an implicit threat

The 2028 Democratic Field: AIPAC Status

Here is every major 2028 Democratic candidate and what we know about their relationship with AIPAC. Some have taken the money. Some have rejected it. Some are staying quiet. And if they are staying quiet, that is not an accident. Silence is a strategy.

Filter:
CandidateRoleAIPAC / Pro-Israel PAC MoneyAmountCurrent Position
Kamala HarrisFmr. VP / SenatorYes~$5.4M career; $6M+ from J Street 2024Silence — no rejection or acceptance for 2028
Mark KellySenator (AZ)YesMultiple direct AIPAC PAC contributions, 2022Silence — did not respond when asked
JB PritzkerGovernor (IL)Yes — and as donorFoundation: $82K to FIDF, $1.7M to AIPAC-affiliated AIEFDistancing — blames AIPAC for Trump alignment
Pete ButtigiegFmr. Sec. TransportationIndirect$191K+ from lobby-affiliated individuals (2020 run)Silence — did not respond when asked
Josh ShapiroGovernor (PA)No$0 — "never taken money or solicited support"Formally rejected. Strongly pro-Israel on policy.
Gavin NewsomGovernor (CA)No$0 (only ran state races)Formally rejected — "Never have and never will"
Gretchen WhitmerGovernor (MI)UnknownNo record (only ran state races)Silence — did not respond when asked
Alexandria Ocasio-CortezRep. NY-14No$0 — turned down $100K offer in 2018Formally rejected. Calls AIPAC "extremist organization."
UDP's Own Words

An AIPAC super PAC spokesperson said it out loud: "We are going to work with mainstream Democrats across the party to strengthen the U.S.-Israel relationship, and that includes presidential contenders." They are telling you exactly what they plan to do in 2028.

The AOC File

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez is one of the only members of Congress who has completely stayed out of this system. She turned down AIPAC's first offer in 2018, has never taken their money, and votes against Israel aid packages every time. She also uses AIPAC's spending against her as a fundraising tool.

"I was expecting the corruption to be much more subtle. This was basically a bag filled with cash."

Corbin Trent, AOC communications director, on the 2018 AIPAC approach

Voting Record on Israel

Vote / ActionAOC's PositionAIPAC-Aligned Position
2021 Iron Dome $1B replenishmentVoted "present" (originally planned to vote no)Yes
April 2024 Israel emergency aid ($14.3B)Voted NoYes
Gaza ceasefire resolutionsSupportedOpposed
Weapons conditionality on IsraelYesNo
Called AIPAC "extremist organization that destabilizes US democracy"YesN/A
Pledged to vote no on all Israel military aid including "defensive"Yes (per American Prospect, 2026)No

Donor Profile

~70%
Share of AOC donations from small donors ($200 or less). Congress avg: 27.6%
$20
Average individual donation to her 2026 campaign
0.3%
Share of 2024 cycle funds from PACs
$0
Pro-Israel PAC money received
Why AIPAC Did Not Target Her in 2024

NY-14 is a safe seat. Any challenger AIPAC funded would probably lose and it would make national news. The threat of spending money against you only works on members who are in competitive districts. That threat does not work on AOC.

Vote Alignment: Do the Votes Follow the Donors?

The question is simple: do votes follow the donors? The answer is yes. AIPAC endorses based on past votes, funds those candidates at a 97% win rate, and puts millions behind a primary challenger against anyone who breaks ranks.

AIPAC's Own FAQ

AIPAC has said publicly it does not need to fund members who are already reliable. Those members are, in their own words, "already bought with their own policy positions." The money goes to the ones who might drift, and against the ones who already have.

The Loop, in Four Steps

01
AIPAC endorses based on past Israel-aligned votes
02
Endorsed candidates win at a 97% rate
03
Winners owe their seat in part to AIPAC infrastructure
04
Members who break the pattern get an $8–15M primary challenger

Bipartisan by Design

$23.16M
To 214 Democratic candidates, 2023–2024 (WRMEA)
$13.58M
To 179 Republican candidates, 2023–2024
~62%
Share of pro-Israel PAC money going to Democrats
2
Sitting House Democrats removed via primaries in 2024

Dark Money: What You Cannot See

Public FEC filings will show you the donations and the super PAC spending. But they will not show you everything. There is a layer underneath that moves money through 501(c)(4) groups, below-threshold arms transfers, and private bundling networks. That layer is legal. And it is invisible.

Visible vs. Hidden

Visible (public FEC records)Hidden (legal but undisclosed)
Direct PAC donations to candidates501(c)(4) "dark money" transfers into super PACs
Super PAC independent expenditures (itemized)Original sources when pass-through chains are used
Individual donor names above $200Bundling networks coordinated through private fundraisers
Arms sales above the congressional notification threshold100+ below-threshold arms deals to Israel since Oct 2023
Foreign agent registrations (FARA)Sub-threshold lobbying via US-based affiliates
The Gap

The numbers you see here are the floor. Not the ceiling. They represent the minimum that had to be disclosed. The full picture is bigger. We just cannot tell you exactly how much bigger, because the system is designed so you cannot see it.

Primary Sources